肉鸡盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量与生产性能的相关性分析

研究小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏对肉鸡生产性能和盲肠乳酸杆菌的影响。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加不同剂量(添加量按其多糖含量在基础日粮中的比例为0.1%、0.3%、0.5%)的HFC,试验为期60 d。结果表明:1⁴2日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日增重极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。2142日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日增重极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。21⁴2日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日采食量极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。142日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日采食量极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。1⁴2日龄时,与空白对照组相比,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组能够极显著降低料肉比(P<0.01)。定量分析盲肠乳酸杆菌表明:42日龄时,与空白对照组相比,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组极显著增加盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.01)。乳酸杆菌与生产性能的相关性分析表明:42日龄时,肉鸡的平均日增重与盲肠乳酸杆菌呈极显著正相关(r=0.983,P<0.01),料肉比与盲肠乳酸杆菌呈显著负相关(r=-0.908,P<0.05)。饲料中添加HFC有助于提高肉鸡的生产性能,促进盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖;盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖有助于提高肉鸡的生产性能。     

土生空团菌(Cenococcum geophilum Fr.)18S rDNA中的I型内含子

【目的】分析土生空团菌[Cenococcum geophilum Fr.(Cg)]18S rDNA中Ⅰ型内含子的核苷酸序列和二级结构特征,探讨影响土生空团菌遗传多样性的因素。【方法】对23个Cg菌株18S rDNA的3’端进行PCR扩增,对其中14个菌株的扩增片段测序。利用MAGE version 4.0软件构建Neighbor-Joining系统发育树,利用Mfold预测内含子的二级结构。【结果】序列分析表明,19个中国菌株中14个在18S rDNA中有Ⅰ型内含子。结合GenBank中的相关数据,可知Cg菌株18S rDNA中内含子的序列长度为488-590 nt,显示出92.3%-100%的同源性。在其5’端序列比较保守,在3’端序列差异较大。二级结构分析表明Cg菌株18S rDNA中的内含子都有10个配对区(P1-P10),在P5区域由P5,P5a,P5b,P5c,P5d组成,在P9的3’端有2个配对区(P9.1、P9.2)。【结论】来源于不同寄主及地域的Cg菌株有丰富的遗传多样性,本文没发现地理因素和寄主来源对Cg的遗传分化有影响。     

迁地保存中土壤因子对渐危植物珊瑚菜生长发育的影响

将原生长在海滨沙滩上的珊瑚菜(GlehnialittoralisFr.SchmidtexMiq.)迁地移栽至下列6种不同配比的土壤基质上,即全沙(Ⅰ)、1 2沙+1 2腐殖土(Ⅱ)、1 2沙+1 2黄棕壤土(Ⅲ)、黄棕壤土(Ⅳ)、腐殖土(V)和1 3沙+1 3腐殖土+1 3黄棕壤土(Ⅵ)。在定期定株连续观察基础上,比较分析了生长在上述6种不同基质中的珊瑚菜的成活率、生长发育状况和花果数量,发现在Ⅵ类基质上的珊瑚菜移栽成活率最高;在Ⅱ类基质上的营养生长最好;在Ⅲ类基质上的结实率及种子的饱满程度最高;而Ⅳ类基质对珊瑚菜的生长发育最不利。根据珊瑚菜生长发育状况的10个生物学指标,对上述各类基质进行了综合评估,认为对珊瑚菜迁地移栽最为有利的土壤基质依次为Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅵ>Ⅴ>Ⅳ。     

Salinomycin induces apoptosis and senescence in breast cancer: Upregulation of p21, downregulation of survivin and histone H3 and H4 hyperacetylation

Background

In the present study, we investigated the effect of Salinomycin on the survival of three human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 grown in adherent culture conditions.

Methods

Cell viability was measured by CellTiter-Glo and Trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis was determined by caspase 3/7 activation, PARP cleavage and Annexin V staining. Cell cycle distribution was assessed by propidium iodide flow cytometry. Senescence was confirmed by measuring the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Changes in protein expression and histone hyperacetylation was determined by western blot and confirmed by immunofluorescence assay.

Results

Salinomycinwas able to inhibit the growth of the three cell lines in time- and concentration-dependent manners. We showed that depending on the concentrations used, Salinomycin elicits different effects on theMDA-MB-231 cells. High concentrations of Salinomycin induced a G2 arrest, downregulation of survivin and triggered apoptosis. Interestingly, treatment with low concentrations of Salinomycin induced a transient G1 arrest at earlier time point and G2 arrest at later point and senescence associatedwith enlarged cellmorphology, upregulation of p21 protein, increase in histone H3 and H4 hyperacetylation and expression of SA-β-Gal activity. Furthermore, we found that Salinomycin was able to potentiate the killing of the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, by the chemotherapeutic agents, 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and frondoside A, respectively.

Conclusion

Our data are the first to link senescence and histone modifications to Salinomycin.

Significance

This study provides a new insight to better understand the mechanism of action of Salinomycin, at least in breast cancer cells.     

萝卜对土生空团菌菌丝生长的影响

纯培养条件下, 测定了十字花科植物萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)种子、幼苗、根系分泌物及幼苗提取物对土生空团菌(Cenococcum geophilum Fr. (Cg))菌株CgSO1、CgSB2、CgO5、SPOP2 和Cg5#菌株生长的影响。结果表明供试Cg菌株与萝卜种子共培养, 或将萝卜根系分泌物和幼苗提取物加入到培养基中, 均促进了Cg菌丝生长。高温灭菌处理使萝卜根系分泌物和幼苗提取物对Cg菌株的促生作用更强, 而高温灭菌后的萝卜幼苗段对菌株生长影响不大。其中经高温灭菌处理的幼苗水提取物对5菌株的促生作用最大, CgSO1、CgSB2、CgO5、SPOP2和Cg5#每菌落的菌丝干重分别达到: 54.8、45.8、63.9、41.2和50.5 mg。     

Structure and function of the ectomycorrhizal association between Paxillus involutus and Betula pendula. II. Metabolic changes during mycorrhiza formation

Seedlings of Betula pendula Roth. were grown in the presence of Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr., and metabolic changes during mycorrhiza formation were examined by measuring organic acid and amino acid pools and related enzyme activities, following sequential harvests. Glutamine, aspartate and asparagine pools were always lower in infected roots than in non-infected roots, especially during Hartig net initiation and formation. Glutamate concentration was similar in both tissues. Citrate and malate were the two major organic acids detected and their concentrations were equal in infected and non-infected roots. Aspartate aminotransferase, glutamine synthetase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were higher in infected roots than non-infected roots. For all enzymes revealed on polyacrylamide gels, both root and fungal isoforms were present in infected roots. Quantitative changes in enzyme capacities and metabolite pools indicated that mycorrhiza formation caused a re-arrangement of the main metabolic pathways during the very early stages following contact, which might be related to the structural changes.     

不同营养基质与条件对灰树花生长的影响

探讨了不同营养基质与条件对灰树花[Grifola frondosa(Fr.)S.F.Gray]生长的影响。试验结果表明：菌丝生长的最适pH为5-6;最适氮源为蛋白胨、牛肉膏和谷氨酰胺,葡萄糖和蛋白胨最适浓度分别为100和1g/L;菌丝在黑暗环境下生长良好;使用马铃薯蛋白胨培养基进行振荡培养,菌丝球生长较好;母种采用马铃薯麦麸培养基,栽培种选用棉子壳麦麸石培养料,可缩短制种周期,获得质量较高的菌种;菌丝含有较多的钙、铁和锌等元素。     

Mechanisms of the Anticancer Action of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst.: A New Understanding

Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a medicinal fungus called "Lingzhi" in China, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in China for the prevention and treatment of various types of diseases, such as cancer, hepatopathy, arthritis, hypertension, neurasthenia, and chronic hepatitis. It is clear that the anticancer activity of G. lucidum is mainly due to polysaccharides and/or triterpenoids of the fungus. However, until now, the mechanism of the anticancer action of G. lucidum has not been well understood and, previously, the activation of the immune response of the host was widely considered to be the only mechanism by which G. lucidum prevented and/or treated cancer. However, recent studies reviewed in the present paper have shown that the potential mechanisms of anticancer action include not only the activation of the immune response of the host, but also the induction of cell differentiation, the induction of Phase Ⅱ-metabolizing enzymes, the inhibition of angiogenesis, and the inhibition of the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor in cancer cells. To further elucidate the mechanisms of action of G. lucidum, more in vivo tests and randomized controlled clinical trials should be carried out, and the molecular mechanisms should be studied intensively. Additionally, whether the anticancer compounds in G. lucidum act synergistically or independently should be further studied.     

珊瑚菜植株分泌道发育和分布的解剖学观察

利用植物解剖学方法对珊瑚菜（Glehnia littoralis Fr．Schmidt ex Miq．）体内分泌道的发育和分布进行了观察。结果表明,珊瑚菜的分泌道有分枝,为溶生型,由1层分泌细胞围绕腔道而成。珊瑚菜叶片的分泌道发育较早,在幼叶阶段即发育成形。在根的次生韧皮部、根状茎的皮层和靠近初生木质部的髓部、叶脉的薄壁组织、叶柄维管束周围和厚角组织内侧的薄壁组织、花序轴正对维管束的皮层薄壁组织中以及果实的果壁维管束内外侧的薄壁组织中均分布有分泌道,分泌道在珊瑚菜体内分布广泛。